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Type 125 "Testa Rossa" engine in a 1961 Ferrari TR
V12 redirects here. For the V12 Training program, see V-12 Navy College Training Program.
A
V12 engine is a V engine with 12
cylinder (engine)s in two banks. Like a
straight-6, this configuration has perfect primary and secondary balance no matter which V angle is used and therefore needs no
balance shafts.A V12 with two banks of six cylinders angled at 60° or 180° from each other has even firing with power pulses delivered twice as often per revolution as, and is smoother than a straight-6 because there is always even positive net torque output with little variation. This allows for great refinement in a luxury car; in a racing car, the rotating parts can be made much lighter and thus more responsive, since there is no need to use counterweights on the crankshaft as is needed in a 90° V8 and less need for the inertial mass in a flywheel to smooth out the power delivery. In a large, heavy-duty engine, a V12 can run slower than smaller engines, prolonging engine life.
Aviation
V12 engines were first seen in aircraft. By the end of World War I, the V12 configuration was a fairly popular one in the newest and largest fighters and bombers; the engines were produced by companies such as
Renault and
Sunbeam (car). Many
Zeppelins had twelve-cylinder engines, from German manufacturers Maybach and Daimler. Various US companies produced the
Liberty L-12; the Curtiss NC
Flying boats, such as the first aircraft to make a
transatlantic flight, the NC-4, had a set of four V12 engines.
V12 engines reached their apogee during
World War II. fighter aircrafts and bombers used V12 engines such as the British Rolls-Royce Limited
Rolls-Royce Merlin and
Rolls-Royce Griffon, the Soviet Klimov VK-107, the American
Allison V-1710 engine or the German Daimler-Benz Daimler-Benz DB 600 series and
Junkers (Aircraft)-Jumo. These engines generated about 1,000
horsepower (0.75 MW) at the beginning of the war and above 1,500 horsepower (1.12 MW) at their ultimate evolution stage. The German Daimler-Benz DB 605 engine reached 2000 hp (1.50 MW) with
Water injection (engines). Their use disappeared quickly after the advent of the
jet engine. In contrast to most Allied V12s, the motors built in Germany by Daimler-Benz and Junkers-Jumo were primarily inverted, which had the advantages of lower centers of gravity and improved visibility for single-engined designs.
The legendary Rolls-Royce Merlin V12 was particularly effective in the
Hawker Hurricane and
Supermarine Spitfire fighters that won the
Battle of Britain and swept the German
Luftwaffe from the skies of England. The long, narrow configuration of the V12 contributed to good aerodynamics, while its exceptional smoothness allowed its use with relatively light and fragile airframes. The Merlin was also used in the
Avro Lancaster and de Havilland Mosquito bombers. In the United States the Packard Motor company was licensed by Rolls-Royce to produce the
Packard Rolls-Royce Merlin#Packard's legacy for use in the North American
P-51 Mustang. It was also incorporated into some models of the Curtiss P-40, specifically the P-40F and P-40L. Packard Merlins powered Canadian-built Hurricane, Lancaster and Mosquito aircraft, as well as UK-built Spitfires in the shape of the Mark XVI, otherwise the same as the Mark IX with its British-built Merlin.
The
Allison V-1710 was the only indigenous
United States-developed V-12 liquid-cooled engine to see service during World War II. A sturdy and trustworthy design, it unfortunately lacked an advanced mechanical supercharger until 1943. Although versions with a
turbosupercharger did give excellent performance at high altitude in the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, the turbosupercharger and its ductwork were too bulky to fit into typical single seat fighters. While a superb performer at low altitudes, without adequete supercharging, the Allison's high altitude performance was lacking.
After WWII, V12 engines became generally obsolete in aircraft due to the introduction of turbojet and turboprop engines, which had more power for their weight, and fewer complications in large aircraft.
V12 road cars
In automobiles, V12 engines have never been common due to their complexity and cost. They are used almost exclusively in expensive sports cars and luxury cars and are sought after for their power and relatively vibration-free operation.
Prior to
World War II, twelve-cylinder engines were found in many luxury models, including cars from
Auburn Automobile, Cadillac (automobile), Packard,
Lincoln (automobile), Franklin (automobile), Rolls-Royce Limited,
Pierce-Arrow, and Hispano-Suiza. Packard's 1912 "Double Six" is widely regarded as list of automotive superlatives production V12 engine. With its list price of US$1000, the Auburn was the cheapest V12 car ever; money was apparently saved by having its valves horizontal, which did not make for the most powerful combustion chamber. Between 1916 and 1921,Georgano, G.N.
Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985). there was a vogue of V12s, during which
National (
Indianapolis) copied the Packard engine, and Weidely Motors (also of Indianapolis) offered a
proprietary engine. Soon after the end of
World War One,
Lancia offered a 22ο V12, FIAT had a 60ο model (1921-2), and even British truck manufacturer Ensign promised one, which did not appear, and in 1926, Daimler (Britain) offered a
sleeve-valve Double Six.Georgano. In 1927, there was a resurgence, and Daimler, Cadillac, Franklin (automobile),
Hispano-Suiza,
Horch, Lagonda, Maybach, Packard, Rolls,
Tatra (car),
Voisin, and
Walter all had V12s, while Cadillac in 1930 (until 1940) and Marmon (from 1931-3) went up to
V16s (a move reminiscent of the '60s "horsepower wars".)
Improvements in combustion chamber design and piston form enabled lighter V8 engines to surpass the V12 in power starting from the 1930s and they disappeared from the American market after WWII. Similarly, as they seemed excessive for the postwar market, their production lines were not restarted in European countries after the war and even through the 1960s.
Ferrari have traditionally reserved their top V12 engine for their top-of-the line luxury sports coupes since
1971. The next year,
Jaguar Cars came out with the
Jaguar XJ12.
German manufacturers
Mercedes-Benz and BMW both returned to V12 designs in model year 1991 and 1986, respectively. The BMW-designed V12 also appears in Rolls-Royce Motors cars, while the Mercedes engine is also seen in
Maybach cars. Aston Martin introduced a (
Cosworth) V12 model in 2000, while Cadillac has contemplated re-introducing the V12 after 60 years with a version of their Cadillac Northstar engine.
In 1997,
Toyota equipped their Toyota Century with a 5.0 L DOHC V12 (model # 1GZ-FE), making it the first and only Japanese production passenger car so equipped.
TVR made and tested a 7.7 L V12 called the
TVR Speed Twelve engine, reportedly making 800+ BHP naturally aspirated, but the project was scrapped after the car it was designed for was deemed too powerful for practical use.
List of Post-1945 V12 Production Road Cars (Alphabetical by make, sub-sorted by year of introduction):
See also: W12 engineSport-utilities:
Concept cars:
- Aston Martin Rapide
- BMW Nazca M12 (a concept by Pininfarina)
- BMW Concept CS
- Cadillac Cien
- Fulgura Laraki
- Isdera Isdera Commendatore 112i
- Lincoln Continental (2002 concept)
- Mega Monte Carlo
- Monte Carlo GTB
- Peugeot 907 (Peugeot's first V12, 2004)
- TVR Cerbera Speed Twelve (never entered production)
- Volga V12 Coupe (a one-off custom rebody)
Brabus also sell the Mercedes-Benz E-Class and
Mercedes-Benz CLS with a V12.
Heavy trucks
Tatra cars uses a 17.6 L air-cooled
turbocharger diesel engine V12 engine in many of their
trucks, for instance the
Tatra T813 and Tatra T815. Some trucks have been fitted with twin V12s.
GMC Truck produced a large
gasoline-burning V12 from 1960 to 1965 for trucks, the "Twin-Six"; it was basically GMC's large-capacity truck 351 V6, doubled, with four rocker covers and four
exhaust manifolds. 56 major parts are interchangeable between the Twin-Six and all other GMC V-6 engines to provide greater parts availability and standardization Its
engine displacement was 702 in³ (11.5 L), and while Power (physics) was not too impressive at 250 SAE net horsepower (190 kW),
torque was 585 lbf·ft (793 N·m). It was possibly the last gasoline engine used in heavy trucks in the United States.
Detroit Diesel produced their Series 53, 71, 92, and 149 engines as V-12's, among other configurations.
Auto racing
V12 engines used to be common in
Formula One and endurance racing. Between 1965 and 1980, Scuderia Ferrari,
Weslake, Honda F1, BRM, Maserati,
Matra, Alfa-Romeo,
Lamborghini and
Tecno used 12-cylinder engines in Formula One, either V12 or Flat-12, but the
Ford Motor Company (Cosworth) V8 (engine) had a slightly better power-to-weight ratio and less fuel consumption, thus it was more successful despite being less powerful than the best V12s. During the same era, V12 engines were superior to V8s in endurance racing, reduced vibrations giving better reliability. In the 1990s,
Renault F1 V10 engines proved their superiority against the Scuderia Ferrari and Honda F1 V12s and the
Ford Motor Company V8. The last V12 engine in Formula One, was the Scuderia Ferrari 044, in the Ferrari cars driven by Jean Alesi and
Gerhard Berger in
1995 Formula One season.
At the
Mondial de l'Automobile 2006 Peugeot presented a new racing car, as well as a luxury
sedan concept car, both called Peugeot 908 and fitted with a V12 Diesel engine producing around or even surpassing 700 DIN HP. This took part in the 24 Hours of Le Mans 2007 race, with a podium finish and very competitive performance.
Large diesel engines
V12 is a common configuration for large diesel engines; most are available with differing numbers of cylinders in V configuration to offer a range of power ratings. Many diesel locomotives have V12 engines.
Mercedes (MTU) manufactured a line of V12 diesel engines for marine use. These engines commonly power craft up to about 100 tonnes in pairwise configurations and range in power from about 1 to 4 MW.
Tanks and other AFVs
V12 is a common configuration for tank and other armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs). Some examples are:
- German Maybach HL120TRM gasoline engine, used on World War II Pz Kpfw III and Pz Kpfw IV tanks.
- Russian V-12 diesel engine, used on World War II T-34, KV-1 and IS-2 tanks.
One such V12 Tank engine made its way into a Hot Rod style car called the Blastolene Special.
External links
- Technical history of the Jaguar V12
- GMC 6066 "Twin 6" trucks
es:V12
fr:V12it:Motore V12
ja:V型12気筒no:V12-motorpl:V12
pt:Motor V12fi:V12sv:V12
Type 125 "Testa Rossa" engine in a 1961 Ferrari TR
V12 redirects here. For the V12 Training program, see V-12 Navy College Training Program.
A
V12 engine is a V engine with 12
cylinder (engine)s in two banks. Like a straight-6, this configuration has perfect primary and
secondary balance no matter which V angle is used and therefore needs no balance shafts.A V12 with two banks of six cylinders angled at 60° or 180° from each other has even firing with power pulses delivered twice as often per revolution as, and is smoother than a
straight-6 because there is always even positive net torque output with little variation. This allows for great refinement in a luxury car; in a racing car, the rotating parts can be made much lighter and thus more responsive, since there is no need to use counterweights on the crankshaft as is needed in a 90° V8 and less need for the inertial mass in a flywheel to smooth out the power delivery. In a large, heavy-duty engine, a V12 can run slower than smaller engines, prolonging engine life.
Aviation
V12 engines were first seen in aircraft. By the end of World War I, the V12 configuration was a fairly popular one in the newest and largest fighters and bombers; the engines were produced by companies such as
Renault and Sunbeam (car). Many
Zeppelins had twelve-cylinder engines, from German manufacturers Maybach and
Daimler. Various US companies produced the Liberty L-12; the
Curtiss NC Flying boats, such as the first aircraft to make a transatlantic flight, the
NC-4, had a set of four V12 engines.
V12 engines reached their apogee during World War II.
fighter aircrafts and
bombers used V12 engines such as the British
Rolls-Royce Limited Rolls-Royce Merlin and
Rolls-Royce Griffon, the Soviet Klimov VK-107, the American Allison V-1710 engine or the German Daimler-Benz Daimler-Benz DB 600 series and
Junkers (Aircraft)-
Jumo. These engines generated about 1,000 horsepower (0.75 MW) at the beginning of the war and above 1,500 horsepower (1.12 MW) at their ultimate evolution stage. The German Daimler-Benz DB 605 engine reached 2000 hp (1.50 MW) with Water injection (engines). Their use disappeared quickly after the advent of the jet engine. In contrast to most Allied V12s, the motors built in Germany by Daimler-Benz and Junkers-Jumo were primarily inverted, which had the advantages of lower centers of gravity and improved visibility for single-engined designs.
The legendary
Rolls-Royce Merlin V12 was particularly effective in the Hawker Hurricane and
Supermarine Spitfire fighters that won the
Battle of Britain and swept the German
Luftwaffe from the skies of England. The long, narrow configuration of the V12 contributed to good aerodynamics, while its exceptional smoothness allowed its use with relatively light and fragile airframes. The Merlin was also used in the
Avro Lancaster and de Havilland Mosquito bombers. In the United States the Packard Motor company was licensed by Rolls-Royce to produce the Packard
Rolls-Royce Merlin#Packard's legacy for use in the North American P-51 Mustang. It was also incorporated into some models of the Curtiss P-40, specifically the P-40F and P-40L. Packard Merlins powered Canadian-built Hurricane, Lancaster and Mosquito aircraft, as well as UK-built Spitfires in the shape of the Mark XVI, otherwise the same as the Mark IX with its British-built Merlin.
The Allison V-1710 was the only indigenous
United States-developed V-12 liquid-cooled engine to see service during
World War II. A sturdy and trustworthy design, it unfortunately lacked an advanced mechanical supercharger until 1943. Although versions with a turbosupercharger did give excellent performance at high altitude in the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, the turbosupercharger and its ductwork were too bulky to fit into typical single seat fighters. While a superb performer at low altitudes, without adequete supercharging, the Allison's high altitude performance was lacking.
After WWII, V12 engines became generally obsolete in aircraft due to the introduction of turbojet and
turboprop engines, which had more power for their weight, and fewer complications in large aircraft.
V12 road cars
In automobiles, V12 engines have never been common due to their complexity and cost. They are used almost exclusively in expensive sports cars and luxury cars and are sought after for their power and relatively vibration-free operation.
Prior to
World War II, twelve-cylinder engines were found in many luxury models, including cars from
Auburn Automobile,
Cadillac (automobile), Packard,
Lincoln (automobile),
Franklin (automobile),
Rolls-Royce Limited, Pierce-Arrow, and
Hispano-Suiza. Packard's 1912 "Double Six" is widely regarded as list of automotive superlatives production V12 engine. With its list price of US$1000, the Auburn was the cheapest V12 car ever; money was apparently saved by having its valves horizontal, which did not make for the most powerful combustion chamber. Between 1916 and 1921,Georgano, G.N.
Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985). there was a vogue of V12s, during which
National (
Indianapolis) copied the Packard engine, and Weidely Motors (also of Indianapolis) offered a
proprietary engine. Soon after the end of World War One, Lancia offered a 22ο V12, FIAT had a 60ο model (1921-2), and even British truck manufacturer Ensign promised one, which did not appear, and in 1926, Daimler (Britain) offered a sleeve-valve Double Six.Georgano. In 1927, there was a resurgence, and Daimler, Cadillac,
Franklin (automobile),
Hispano-Suiza, Horch, Lagonda,
Maybach,
Packard, Rolls, Tatra (car),
Voisin, and Walter all had V12s, while Cadillac in 1930 (until 1940) and
Marmon (from 1931-3) went up to
V16s (a move reminiscent of the '60s "horsepower wars".)
Improvements in combustion chamber design and piston form enabled lighter V8 engines to surpass the V12 in power starting from the 1930s and they disappeared from the American market after WWII. Similarly, as they seemed excessive for the postwar market, their production lines were not restarted in European countries after the war and even through the 1960s.
Ferrari have traditionally reserved their top V12 engine for their top-of-the line luxury sports coupes since
1971. The next year, Jaguar Cars came out with the Jaguar XJ12.
German manufacturers Mercedes-Benz and BMW both returned to V12 designs in model year 1991 and 1986, respectively. The BMW-designed V12 also appears in Rolls-Royce Motors cars, while the Mercedes engine is also seen in Maybach cars. Aston Martin introduced a (
Cosworth) V12 model in
2000, while Cadillac has contemplated re-introducing the V12 after 60 years with a version of their
Cadillac Northstar engine.
In 1997,
Toyota equipped their
Toyota Century with a 5.0 L DOHC V12 (model # 1GZ-FE), making it the first and only Japanese production passenger car so equipped.
TVR made and tested a 7.7 L V12 called the TVR Speed Twelve engine, reportedly making 800+ BHP naturally aspirated, but the project was scrapped after the car it was designed for was deemed too powerful for practical use.
List of Post-1945 V12 Production Road Cars (Alphabetical by make, sub-sorted by year of introduction):
See also: W12 engineSport-utilities:
Concept cars:
Brabus also sell the Mercedes-Benz E-Class and Mercedes-Benz CLS with a V12.
Heavy trucks
Tatra cars uses a 17.6 L air-cooled
turbocharger diesel engine V12 engine in many of their trucks, for instance the
Tatra T813 and
Tatra T815. Some trucks have been fitted with twin V12s.
GMC Truck produced a large gasoline-burning V12 from 1960 to 1965 for trucks, the "Twin-Six"; it was basically GMC's large-capacity truck 351 V6, doubled, with four rocker covers and four exhaust manifolds. 56 major parts are interchangeable between the Twin-Six and all other GMC V-6 engines to provide greater parts availability and standardization Its
engine displacement was 702 in³ (11.5 L), and while
Power (physics) was not too impressive at 250 SAE net horsepower (190 kW),
torque was 585 lbf·ft (793 N·m). It was possibly the last gasoline engine used in heavy trucks in the United States.
Detroit Diesel produced their Series 53, 71, 92, and 149 engines as V-12's, among other configurations.
Auto racing
V12 engines used to be common in Formula One and
endurance racing. Between 1965 and 1980, Scuderia Ferrari, Weslake,
Honda F1,
BRM, Maserati, Matra,
Alfa-Romeo,
Lamborghini and
Tecno used 12-cylinder engines in Formula One, either V12 or Flat-12, but the
Ford Motor Company (
Cosworth)
V8 (engine) had a slightly better power-to-weight ratio and less fuel consumption, thus it was more successful despite being less powerful than the best V12s. During the same era, V12 engines were superior to V8s in endurance racing, reduced vibrations giving better reliability. In the 1990s, Renault F1 V10 engines proved their superiority against the Scuderia Ferrari and
Honda F1 V12s and the Ford Motor Company V8. The last V12 engine in Formula One, was the Scuderia Ferrari 044, in the Ferrari cars driven by
Jean Alesi and
Gerhard Berger in
1995 Formula One season.
At the
Mondial de l'Automobile 2006 Peugeot presented a new racing car, as well as a luxury sedan concept car, both called Peugeot 908 and fitted with a V12 Diesel engine producing around or even surpassing 700 DIN HP. This took part in the
24 Hours of Le Mans 2007 race, with a podium finish and very competitive performance.
Large diesel engines
V12 is a common configuration for large
diesel engines; most are available with differing numbers of cylinders in V configuration to offer a range of power ratings. Many diesel locomotives have V12 engines.
Mercedes (MTU) manufactured a line of V12 diesel engines for marine use. These engines commonly power craft up to about 100 tonnes in pairwise configurations and range in power from about 1 to 4 MW.
Tanks and other AFVs
V12 is a common configuration for tank and other armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs). Some examples are:
- German Maybach HL120TRM gasoline engine, used on World War II Pz Kpfw III and Pz Kpfw IV tanks.
- Russian V-12 diesel engine, used on World War II T-34, KV-1 and IS-2 tanks.
One such V12 Tank engine made its way into a Hot Rod style car called the Blastolene Special.
External links
- Technical history of the Jaguar V12
- GMC 6066 "Twin 6" trucks
es:V12fr:V12it:Motore V12
ja:V型12気筒no:V12-motorpl:V12pt:Motor V12fi:V12sv:V12
V12 engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A V12 engine is a V engine with 12 cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of six cylinders, usually at a 60° angle to each other, but in some cases at a wider or narrower ...
Jaguar V12 engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jaguar 's V12 was one of the premiere powerplants of the 1970s and 1980s. It was a V12 piston engine, The engine first seen in the Series 3 E-type of 1971 was based loosely on an ...
Designer builds Origami V12 engine - Telegraph
A designer has spent two years coming up with a perfect model of a V12 engine - made entirely from paper.
The Jaguar V12 engine - by Roger Bywater
The history of the Jaguar V12 engine ... Main] [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] [ 11] Former power units engineer at Jaguar, Roger Bywater of AJ6 Engineering ...
Origami V12 Engine - the ultimate green machine? - The Red Ferret ...
Gadgets, cool sites, tech news and trivia ... This Origami V12 Engine is a work of paper art, no question. Crafted out of 1978 pieces of paper and bits, runs off 2 x AA batteries ...
V12 Engine Paper Model
sheung Yee shing V12 four-stroke V8 V-Twin Engine motorcycle bike chopper Card Paper model DIY kit vtwin V Twin Yee's Job Montreal Canada ... It took approximately two years to ...
Practical Performance Car Magazine
Rover SD1 27-litre V12 Sticking a tank engine in a Rover? Only in PPC. One day back in the 1990s a middle-aged man from a sleepy village in Lincolnshire decided that he’d start a ...
YouTube - V12 Engine
the engine of my mower ... ... Choose which country's videos, channels, and activity filters (for example, "Most Viewed"), you would like to view.
Product: The V12 Engine
Open Hi-Res jacket image. To see a list of other books by this author, click the author's name.
Froude Hofmann | News | NEW Texcel V12 Engine Control System
Froude Hofmann, a supplier of dynamometer based engine, vehicle, research and development and production test systems